The Impact of Apartheid on intimate partner violence in South Africa

Abstract

This research paper is about the intricate relationship between Apartheid and intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Africa. It explores how the systemic racial oppression and structural violence of that time fostered a culture of aggression that perpetuated gender-based violence (GBV), particularly IPV. Historically, violence against women (VAW) was normalized, with IPV being treated as a private issue, especially in black communities. The apartheid regime not only upheld patriarchal systems but also enforced a racial and gender hierarchy that exacerbated the plight of black women, who were doubly marginalized by both race and gender.

Our legal framework on IPV has evolved under the influence of apartheid-era ideologies, which continue to affect legislation. Despite democratic reforms and progressive legal changes, the legacy of apartheid still shapes societal attitudes towards violence against women, leading to persistently high levels of IPV. The enforcement of protective laws remains complicated by the intersection of patriarchal norms, rape myths, and deeply ingrained cultural beliefs.

Addressing these beliefs requires legislative, societal and cultural reforms. A new approach to gender-based violence is essential—one that prioritizes survivor empowerment, challenges harmful gender norms, and promotes equality to effectively combat IPV. In addition to legal measures, education and public awareness campaigns, alongside community-based interventions, are crucial in transforming societal attitudes. Ultimately, the aim of this paper is to call for ongoing efforts to dismantle the structural and cultural remnants of apartheid that continue to perpetuate violence against women in modern day South Africa.